Essay on Steeple Tobacco and Balance Scorecard - 1449 Words

STEEPLE and Balance Scorecard Kevin Jackson MKT 598 April 27, 2014 Anthony Bretti, Instructor When a firm uses an external consultant to solve a problem or evaluate an opportunity the consultant can use STEEPLE (social, technological, economic, environmental, legal, and ethical), which is a preliminary analysis technique to answer why the business organization or systems exist (Wickham, Wickham, 2008, p. 128). This analysis the consultant preforms helps to determine how the firm business fits in its external environment. The consultant can also use the balances scorecard to measure the financial and non-financial performance of the firm. The consultant will use the STEEPLE and Balance†¦show more content†¦The technological factor, Phillip-Morris has does not have the knowledge of producing e-cigarettes. The firm will have to rely on a third party to produce the product. With the company not having the technology or the technical know how to produce e-cigarettes the price of the product can be very expensive. This has a negative affect on the economical factor, because many consumers may not be able to afford the product. In addition, by the firm using a third party to produce the product the firm does not assume the risk of borrowing the necessary funds. The firm will not have any negative environmental factors of producing the product, because the third party will assume the risk. However, Phillip-Morris does impact the environment with its current production of making cigarettes. In the political and legal issues the firm can face is very limited. Phillip-Morris will have to comply with federal, state, and local laws governing the legal age requirement for purchasing the product. The firm will have ethical issues if the packaging, design, and marketing is promoting the alternative way of smoking as â€Å"cool.† This can entice young society members to purchase and use the product. However, if its marketing, packaging, and design is to provide adults an alternative and health way of smoking. This will show society that the firm cares about the health of its customers and those who are affected by second

Essay On Social Problems - 1861 Words

Ellie Caylor Miss O. Social Problems 11/1/17 Many people wonder, what is a social problem? Social problems are all over the world and affect many people. The definition of a social problem is an aspect of society that a large number of people or community are concerned about. They depend on your values or if you believe something is good or bad. There are two kinds of social problems, objective condition and subjective concern. An objective condition is a condition within society that can be measured. Subjective concern is an aspect of society that many people are concerned about. Social problems are major events that affect a lot of people. The social problem I will cover is poverty. Poverty is an extreme social problem and it means to†¦show more content†¦Everyone put their savings into the stock market in New York City on Wall Street. Then the stock market crashed and people were financially wiped out. Factories and businesses began firing people and for those who still had jobs got paid barely anything. Over 12,000 Americans were becoming unemployed every single day, this lead up to having 12 million people without jobs. Also, the drought in the middle of the country decreased the amount of farm production. Farmers couldn’t support themselves because they couldn’t grow crops. Kids couldn’t go to school because schools had to shut down due to lack of money. People couldn’t even make enough money to meet their basic needs. Then in 1932, Franklin D Roosevelt won the next election over Herbert Hoover. This was the change the country needed in order to get back on their feet. The economy continued to improve and the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) grew at an average rate of 9% per year. The Great Depression was another historical event that put many people in poverty (Great Depression Poverty). Throughout the years, the world have been living in poverty because of different events that occur. Natural disasters leave many people with nothing. Hurricanes, Earthquakes, floods and other natural disasters affect a lot of people. Every year, 26 million people are put into poverty because of a natural disaster. The tropical Storm Agatha increased the rate of poverty byShow MoreRelatedSocial Problems Essays1168 Words   |  5 PagesA way of distinguishing a realist perspective between theories of social problems within is to contrast the level of analysis on which their explanations are focused. Many theories that seek to explain social problems function at the level of the psychological or biological conditions that make some people behave badly – discovering the gene, chromosome or mental characteristic that separates the deviant from the normal. Such clarifications tend to operate at an individual level of analysis, dealingRead MoreSocial Problems with America Essay1429 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Problems in America Many of Americans today do not take the time to realize that our nation is little by little falling apart. Our leaders are corrupt, our environment is being destroyed, and there are thousands of children being born each day. The three major social problems facing the American citizens in the 21st century are births to unmarried woman, being able to trust or government and or leaders, and lastly destroying the environment. The first major social problem facingRead More Social Problems With America Essay1408 Words   |  6 Pages Social Problems in America nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Many of Americans today do not take the time to realize that our nation is little by little falling apart. Our leaders are corrupt, our environment is being destroyed, and there are thousands of children being born each day. The three major social problems facing the American citizens in the 21st century are births to unmarried woman, being able to trust or government and or leaders, and lastly destroying the environment. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;TheRead MoreProblems With Social Media Essay1343 Words   |  6 PagesProblems with Social Media Social media or any other type of social networking can be harmful. There are many studies showing that social media may help our society, but they don’t tell you any of the problems being caused by social media. One of the main problems occurring are cyberbullies. Cyberbullies are bullies over the internet that try to harm people with rude or hateful messages and even misuse personal information. Cyberbullying causes a big issue in society, often leading to stress, angerRead MoreSocial Problems Of Euthanasia Essay1076 Words   |  5 PagesA social problem is an aspect of society that large numbers of people are concerned about and would like changed. The social problem of euthanasia could be a value which is a belief about whether something is good or bad, desirable or undesirable. Many states now have laws in favor of euthanasia, whether people agree or disagree. Euthanasia in greek means good death. Whether if you thinks its murder or competition many people are willing to use it, to not see a family member or friend suffer. EveryoneRead MoreEssay on Violence As A Social Problem649 Words   |  3 Pages Violence is a social problem that increases over the years. Violence is not so much shown in magazines and books as it is on television and the media. This does not mean that violence on television is the only source for aggressive or violent behavior, but it is a significant contributor. Children can also pick up violence from a parent or guardian at an early age. Peers are important in a child’s life. It has been psychologically proven that males are more aggressive than females. ThereforeRead MoreRacism: A Social Problem Essay1716 Words   |  7 Pagesjustify the use of racism directly relates to differential treatment of minority groups and contributes to racism’s existence as an unstoppable social problem. The foundations of these explanations are based on the common misunderstanding of the definition of race. Thus, problems that tend to concentrate in one race are mistakenly judged as â€Å"race problems†. This judgement leads to the establishment of a sys tem of inequality between a superior race and inferior races. However, the logic behind theseRead MoreViolence as a Social Problem Essay676 Words   |  3 PagesViolence is a social problem that increases over the years. Violence is not so much shown in magazines and books as it is on television and the media. This does not mean that violence on television is the only source for aggressive or violent behavior, but it is a significant contributor. Children can also pick up violence from a parent or guardian at an early age. Peers are important in a childs life. It has been psychologically proven that males are more aggressive than females. ThereforeRead MoreThe Media as a Social Problem Essay1748 Words   |  7 PagesMedia as a Social Problem The mass media plays a large role in modern society. Indeed, many have argued that people spend more time in mass-mediated interaction than in actual human interaction. The mass media, then, would seemingly be an excellent position to initiate social change, positively affect social problems, and help combat social ills that are considered normal patterns of behavior. Yet, the mass media has largely failed in addressing and helping to solve social problems. As seenRead MoreInterconnection to Social Problems Essay990 Words   |  4 PagesThe Interconnection of Social Problems By: Kelly L. Dudley September 2, 2012 SOC 203: Social Problems Professor Barbara Carter We are going to discuss the overlap of crime, punishment, and poverty. Here are the points that will be elaborated on: Criminal sanctions and victimization work to form a system of disadvantage that perpetuates stratification and poverty; Punishment impacts individuals convicted of felonies, as well as their families, peer groups, neighborhoods, and racial group; After

Effectiveness Of The Jackson County Oregon - 1907 Words

The Effectiveness of the Jackson County Oregon Community Family Court Brandi Briggs Arizona State University CRJ 308-16169 spring 2015 Dr. Gary Sweeten The Effectiveness of the Jackson County Oregon Community Family Court According to the National Association of Drug Court Professionals (NADCP), 1 out of every 100 people in the United States has been incarcerated (â€Å"The Facts on Drugs,† n.d.). Substance abuse is partly to blame. Approximately 60 percent of prison inmates had a positive drug test when they were arrested (National Institute of Justice, 1999). A judge supervises community family drug courts and assists non-violent parents with drug related issues while still holding them accountable for their crimes. Drug courts are†¦show more content†¦Census Bureau, n.d.). In 2001, the Jackson County Oregon CFC program was started (Carey, S.M. et al., 2010, p. II). The program length takes at least 12 months to complete and involves three different phases of treatments and requirements in order to graduate successfully. Participation in the program was determined on an individual basis by the court. Participants were excluded if they refused to admit they had a substance abuse probl em or were charged with a felony. Participation or graduation from the program does not guarantee successful family reunification (Office of Justice Programs, n.d.). The CFC program incorporates the â€Å"Ten Key Components of Drug Courts† guidelines that are a national standard set by the NADCP to assess drug court programs (Carey, S.M. et al., 2010, p. I). One key component the CFC program included using a multi-disciplinary team approach that was coordinated with the court system. By using multiple agencies such as the court system, drug treatment programs and child-welfare systems the program was able to promote better results with participant recovery and family reunification (U.S. Dept. of Justice, Office of Justice Programs Bureau of Justice Assistance, 2004). Treatments and programs were individualized to each participant’s unique needs. Participants were also screened and placed in treatment quickly which, in the long run, resulted in less time for the child to be in foster care. Placing participants inShow MoreRelatedRogue Community College ( Nsc )779 Words   |  4 PagesThe organization I chose is my current workplace, and that of five years, Rogue Community College (RCC). Established in 1970, RCC serves residents in Jackson and Josephine counties at eight different learning centers in Grants Pass, Medford, White City and the Illinois Valley. A non-profit, comprehensive, two-year, public community college, RCC offers six two-year degrees, 73 career and technical training programs, 22 Career Pathways certificates; and a variety of workforce and short-term trainingRead MoreActive Shooter7891 Words   |  32 Pagesof these solutions presented is that not all school districts have the proper budget and staff to carry out all of these prevention and reaction strategies. Emergency Plans Many of the school shooting incidents bring up new concern about the effectiveness of school safety. This concern is felt by school administrators, teachers, students and parents. In every incident of a school shooting, the safety and security of the school was compromised. The incidents resulted in serious injury and death toRead MoreFundamental Financial Accounting Concepts13807 Words   |  56 PagesAppalachian State University Patricia Bancroft, Bridgewater State University Debbie Benson, Kennesaw State University J. 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Questions On The World Of International Business - 3836 Words

In this paper we will be answering five critical questions in the world of international business. In the business world companies must understand how to answer these critical questions. The first of these questions is why are many governments in today’s world liberalizing cross-border movements of goods, services, and resources? Answering this question isn’t just a one word answer; it requires a breakdown of how governments go to market along with a host of other things. In today’s global market international business is even more vital to a governments’ success than ever before. For governments to compete in the global arena they will need a few things which will help move that country forward when delivering goods and services. The ability to travel and communicate in the foreign markets are just a couple of things that will greatly impact a country’s ability to grow. Technology is also one of the biggest pieces to the pie when it comes to a country’s ability to expand and grow. Cross-border movements and trades are big business for a country and with the rising cost of goods and services around the world, cross-border movement and international trading has become essential for countries to prosper. The internet has also helped with cross-border trading by bridging the physical gap between countries. It has also sped up our ability to communicate with other countries and people from all over the world in mere seconds. Governments today are liberalizingShow MoreRelatedThe Impact of International Business on the World, Questions and Answers1107 Words   |  4 Pageshave been involved in international business to obtain silk,pepper and spices for their own luxury. Till this day, international trade has been giving a major impact in all countries. International business is a transaction beyond the geographical limit of a nation. Even in some countries their economic activity relies heavily on international business. 　　Well we as consumers sometimes might not realize this but,almost everything we use in daily basis is from international trade. Everything we seeRead MoreEssay about Ethics in International Business1657 Words   |  7 PagesEthics in International Business Abstract International business ethics challenges the corporate world to deal with questions of what to do in situations where ethical standards come into conflict as a result of the different cultural practices in the nation. Since, there is this dilemma that has progressively troubled the large multinational corporations, international business ethics has arisen to help address these adhesive subject matters. There are several international business ethics discussionsRead MoreHomework Assignment1166 Words   |  5 PagesAssignment #1 Due at start of class – Wednesday, September 17, 2014 Country Focus amp; Five Questions Chapter #2-Country Focus: Chavez’s Venezuela Page 42 Hill - Global Business Today 8th Edition Type each question and give answer below question. Answer the question consistent with the homework guidelines on page 4 of the syllabus. Management 470-International Business Management Fall 2014 Question 1: Under Chavez’s leadership, what kind of economic system is being put in place in VenezuelaRead MoreGlobalization and Its Impact on International Business Essay1558 Words   |  7 Pageson international business†¦..7 The road ahead for international business†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..11 Reference†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12 Introduction Every day we hear it on the news, read it in the papers, overhear people talking about it†¦ and in every single instance the word globalization seems to have a different meaning. So, what is globalization? What are its main drivers? Why and how does globalization impact international business? 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La Amistad Essay Example For Students

La Amistad Essay AmistadThroughout the study of world history, the ideology of â€Å"divide and conquer† is studied and glorified as the most effective strategy for colonialism. The institution of slavery and the transporting of Africans across the ocean to serve as slaves in the â€Å"New World† depict the most blatant use of coerced division in the Europeans efforts to completely enfeeble African slaves. The middle passage portrays the Europeans efforts to divide African cultures by separating the slaves so that they were amongst those that spoke different languages and therefore could not communicate with them. The results of this â€Å"middle passage† experience left the African confused, alone, and virtually powerless in an environment foreign to him in every way. Amistad illustrates the result of not separating the Africans and attempting to â€Å"conquer† them without stripping them of the ability to communicate with one another. Without instituting the process of â€Å"cultural division† (and eventual extinction) resulting from the â€Å"middle passage†, efforts to conquer the African people were worthless. Films like Amistad, and the few presentations and rhetoric that portray realistic viewpoints of Africa in the past and present, illustrate the physical, emotional, and spiritual strength of African people. They enable African Americans to be proud of their heritage, and eliminate the false pretenses set by many that African Americans have no connection to the â€Å"motherland†. Learning about Africa from coast to coast, and seeing the array of environments from the most primitive tribes, to the big cities and metropolitan areas annul many whites efforts to continue to enfeeble African Americans by portraying the entire continent as â€Å"uncivilized†. By attempting to continue to divide African Americans from their people in Africa, whites continue to conquer them, by controlling their minds.

Blues Music Essay Research Paper ArtsA Brief free essay sample

Bluess Music Essay, Research Paper Humanistic disciplines: A Brief History of the Blues 2000-06-30 A Brief History of the Blues Joseph Machlis says that the blues is a native American musical and verse signifier, with no direct European and African ancestors of which we know. ( p. 578 ) In other words, it is a blending of both traditions. Something particular and wholly different from either of its parent traditions. ( Although Alan Lomax cites some illustrations of really similar vocals holding been found in Northwest Africa, peculiarly among the Wolof and Watusi. p. 233 ) The word # 8216 ; blue # 8217 ; has been associated with the thought of melancholia or depression since the Elizabethan epoch. The American author, Washington Irving is credited with coining the term # 8216 ; the blues, # 8217 ; as it is now defined, in 1807. ( Tanner 40 ) The earlier ( about wholly Negro ) history of the blues musical tradition is traced through unwritten tradition as far back as the 1860s. ( Kennedy 79 ) When African and European music foremost began to unify to make what finally became t he blues, the slaves sang vocals filled with words stating of their utmost agony and want. ( Tanner 36 ) One of the many responses to their oppressive environment resulted in the field bellow. The field bellow gave rise to the religious, and the blues, # 8220 ; noteworthy among all human plants of art for their profound desperation. . . They gave voice to the temper of disaffection and anomy that prevailed in the building cantonments of the South, # 8221 ; for it was in the Mississippi Delta that inkinesss were frequently forcibly conscripted to work on the levee and land-clearing crews, where they were frequently abused and so tossed aside or worked to decease. ( Lomax 233 ) Alan Lomax states that the blues tradition was considered to be a masculine subject ( although some of the first blues vocals heard by Whites were sung by # 8216 ; lady # 8217 ; blues vocalists like Mamie Smith and Bessie Smith ) and non many black adult females were to be found singing the blues in the juke-joints. The Southern prisons besides contributed well to the blues tradition through work vocals and the vocals of decease row and slaying, cocottes, the warden, the hot Sun, and a hundred other wants. ( Lomax ) The prison route crews and work packs where were many bluesmen found their vocals, and where many other inkinesss merely became familiar with the same vocals. Following the Civil War ( harmonizing to Rolling Stone ) , the blues arose as # 8220 ; a distillation of the African music brought over by slaves. Field bellows, laies, church music and rhythmic dance melodies called jump-ups evolved into a music for a vocalist who would prosecute in call-and-response with his guitar. He would sing a line, and the guitar would reply it. # 8221 ; ( RSR A ; RE 53 ) The guitar did non bask widespread popularity with blues instrumentalists until about the bend of the century. Until so, the banjo was the primary blues instrument. ) By the 1890? s the blues were sung in many of the rural countries of the South. ( Kamien 518 ) And by 1910, the word # 8216 ; blues # 8217 ; as applied to the musical tradition was in reasonably common usage. ( Tanner 40 ) Some # 8216 ; bluesologists # 8217 ; claim ( instead questionably ) , that the first blues song that was of all time written down was # 8216 ; Dallas Blues, # 8217 ; published in 1912 by Hart Wand, a white fiddler from Oklahoma City. ( Tanner 40 ) The blues signifier was foremost popularized about 1911-14 by the black composer W.C. Handy ( 1873-1958 ) . However, the poetic and musical signifier of the blues foremost crystallized around 1910 and gained popularity through the publication of Handy # 8217 ; s # 8220 ; Memphis Blues # 8221 ; ( 1912 ) and # 8220 ; St. Louis Blues # 8221 ; ( 1914 ) . ( Kamien 518 ) Instrumental blues had been recorded every bit early as 1913. Mamie Smith recorded the first vocal blues vocal, # 8216 ; Crazy Blues # 8217 ; in 1920. ( Priestly 9 ) Priestly claims that while the widespread popularity of the blues had a critical influence on subsequent wind, it was the # 8220 ; initial popularity of wind which had made possible the recording of blues in the first topographic point, and therefore made possible the soaking up of blues into both wind every bit good as the mainstream of dad music. # 8221 ; ( Priestly 10 ) American military personnels brought the blues place with them following the First World War. They did non, of class, learn them from Europeans, but from Southern Whites who had been exposed to the blues. At this clip, the U.S. Army was still segregated. During the mid-twentiess, the blues became a national fad. Records by taking blues vocalists like Bessie Smith and subsequently, in the mid-thirtiess, Billie Holiday, sold in the 1000000s. The mid-twentiess besides saw the blues become a musical signifier more widely used by wind musicians every bit good as blues vocalists. ( Kamien 518 ) During the decennaries of the mid-thirtiess and mid-fortiess, the blues spread northerly with the migration of many inkinesss from the South and en tered into the repertory of big-band wind. The blues besides became electrified with the debut of the amplified guitar. In some Northern metropoliss like Chicago and Detroit, during the ulterior mid-fortiess and early 1950ss, Muddy Waters, Willie Dixon, John Lee Hooker, Howlin # 8217 ; Wolf, and Elmore James among others, played what was fundamentally Mississippi Delta blues, backed by bass, membranophones, piano and on occasion harmonica, and began hiting national hits with blues vocals. At about the same clip, T-Bone Walker in Houston and B.B. King in Memphis were open uping a manner of guitar playing that combined wind technique with the blues key and repertory. ( RSR A ; RE 53 ) In the early nineteen-sixties, the urban bluesmen were # 8220 ; discovered # 8221 ; by immature white American and European instrumentalists. Many of these blues-based sets like the Paul Butterfield Blues Band, the Rolling Stones, the Yard birds, John Mayall # 8217 ; s Bluesbreakers, Cream, Canned H eat, and Fleetwood Mac, brought the blues to immature white audiences, something the black blues creative persons had been unable to make in America except through the purloined white cross-over screens of black beat and blues vocals. Since the 1960ss, stone has undergone several blues resurgences. Some stone guitar players, such as Eric Clapton, Jimmy Page, Jimi Hendrix, and Eddie Van Halen have used the blues as a foundation for outgrowth manners. While the conceivers like John Lee Hooker, Albert Collins and B.B. King # 8211 ; and their inheritors Buddy Guy, Otis Rush, and subsequently Eric Clapton and the late Roy Buchanan, among many others, continued to do antic music in the blues tradition. ( RSR A ; RE 53 ) The latest coevals of blues participants like Robert Cray and the late Stevie Ray Vaughan, among others, every bit good as decorating the blues tradition with their unbelievable trifle, have drawn a new coevals hearers to the blues. There are a figure of different though ts as to what the blues truly are: a graduated table construction, a note out of melody or out of cardinal, a chord construction ; a doctrine? The blues is a signifier of African-american beginning in which a modal tune has been harmonized with Western tonic chords. ( Salzman 18 ) In other words, we had to suit it into our musical system somehow. But, the job was that the blues weren # 8217 ; T Sung harmonizing to the European thoughts of even tempered pitch, but with a much freer usage of set pitches and otherwise emotionally inflected vocal sounds. ( Machlis 578 ) These # 8216 ; set # 8217 ; pitches are known as # 8216 ; bluish notes # 8217 ; . The # 8216 ; bluish notes # 8217 ; or blue keies are one of the specifying features of the blues. Tanner # 8217 ; s sentiment is that these keies resulted from the West Africans # 8217 ; hunt for comparative tones non included in their pentatonic graduated table. He claims that the West African graduated table has neither the 3rd o r 7th tone nor the level 3rd or level seventh. # 8220 ; Because of this, in the effort to copy either of these tones the pitch was sounded about midway between [ the child AND major tierce, 5th, or 7th ] , doing what is called a blue tonality. # 8221 ; ( Tanner 37 ) When the scribes attempted to compose down the music, they came up with the alleged # 8220 ; blues s cale, † in which the tierce, the 7th, and sometimes the 5th scale-degrees were lowered a half measure, bring forthing a graduated table resembling the minor graduated table. ( Machlis 578 ) There are many niceties of tune and beat in the blues that are hard, if non impossible to compose in conventional notation. ( Salzman 18 ) But the bluish notes are non truly minor notes in a major context. In pattern they may come about anyplace. ( Machlis 578 ) Before the field call, with its bending of notes, it had non occurred to instrumentalists to research the country of the bluish keies on their instruments. ( Tanner 38 ) The early blues vocalists would sing these â€Å"bent† notes, microtonal shadings, or â€Å"blue† notes, and the early musicians attempted to double them. ( Kamien 520 ) By the twentiess, instrumental blues were common, and â€Å"playing the blues† for the musician could intend improvising a tune within a blues chord sequence. Brass, reed, and th reading musicians, in peculiar, were able to bring forth many of the vocal sounds of the blues vocalists. ( Machlis 578-9 ) Blues wordss contain some of the most fabulously perforating autobiographical and telling statements in the Western musical tradition. For case, the complexness of thoughts implicit in Robert Johnson’s ‘Come In My Kitchen, ’ such as a hardly hidden desire, solitariness, and tenderness, and much more: You better come in my kitchen, It’s gon na be rainin’ out-of-doorss. Bluess wordss are frequently intensely personal, often contain sexual mentions and frequently trade with the hurting of treachery, abandonment, and unanswered love ( Kamien 519 ) or with unhappy state of affairss such as being idle, hungry, broke, off from place, lonely, or downhearted because of an unfaithful lover. ( Tanner 39 ) The early blues were really irregular rhythmically and normally followed address forms, as can be heard in the recordings made in the m id-twentiess and mid-thirtiess by the legendary bluesmen Charley Patton, Blind Lemon Jefferson, Robert Johnson and Lightnin’ Hopkins among others. ( RSR RE 53 ) The metre of the blues is normally written in iambic pentameter. The first line is by and large repeated and 3rd line is different from the first two. ( Tanner 38 ) The repeat of the first line serves a intent as it gives the vocalist some clip to come up with a 3rd line. Often the wordss of a blues song do non look to suit the music, but a good blues singer will stress certain syllables and extinguish others so that everything falls nicely into topographic point. ( Tanner 38 ) The construction of blues wordss normally consists of several three-line poetries. The first line is sung and so repeated to approximately the same melodious phrase ( possibly the same phrase played diatonically a perfect 4th off ) , the 3rd line has a different melodious phrase: I’m traveling to go forth babe, ain’t traveling to state adieu. I’m traveling to go forth babe, ain’t traveling to state adieu. But I’ll write you and state you the ground why. ( Kamien 519 ) Most blues research workers claim that the really early blues were patterned after English laies and frequently had eight, 10, or 16 bars. ( Tanner 36 ) The blues now consists of a definite patterned advance of harmoniousnesss normally dwelling of eight, 12 or 16 steps, though the 12 saloon blues are, by far, the most common. The 12 saloon blues harmonic patterned advance ( the one-four-five ) is most frequently agreed to be the undermentioned: four bars of tonic, two of subdominant, two of tonic, two of dominant, and two of tonic. Or, instead, I, I, I, I, IV, IV, I, I, V, V, I, I. Each Roman numerical indicates a chord built on a specific tone in the major graduated table. Due to the influence of stone and axial rotation, the ten percent chord has been changed to IV. This change is now considered criterion. ( Tanner 37 ) In pattern, assorted intermediate chords, and even some replacement chord forms, have been used in blues patterned advances, at least since the nineteen-twenties. ( Machlis 578 ) Some purists feel that any fluctuations or embroideries of the basic blues pattern alterations its quality or cogency as a blues vocal. For case, if the basic blues chord patterned advance is non used, so the music being played is non the blues. Therefore, these purists maintain that many tunes with the word â€Å"blues† in the rubric, and which are frequently spoken of as being the blues, are non the blues because their tunes lack this peculiar basic blues harmonic building. ( Tanner 37 ) I believe this point of view to be a spot broad of the grade, because it places a greater accent on blues harmoniousness than tune. The chief blues tunes are, in fact, bellow meters, set to a steady round and therefore turned into dance music and confined to a three-verse rhyming stanza of 12 to sixteen bars. ( Lom ax 275 ) The vocalist can either reiterate the same basic tune for each stanza or improvize a new tune to reflect the altering temper of the wordss. ( Kamien 519 ) Blues beat is besides really flexible. Performers frequently sing â€Å"around† the round, stressing notes either a small before or behind the round. ( Kamien ) Jazz instrumentalists often use the chord patterned advance of the twelve-bar blues as a footing for drawn-out improvisations. The 12 or 16 saloon form is repeated while new tunes are improvised over it by the soloists. As with the Baroque bassocontinuo, the repeated chord patterned advance provides a foundation for the free flow of such jury-rigged melodic lines. ( Kamien 520 ) One of the jobs sing specifying what the blues are is the assortment of important sentiments. The blues is neither an epoch in the chronological development of wind, nor is it really a peculiar manner of playing or singing wind. ( Tanner 35 ) Some maintain ( largely musicologists ) that the blues are defined by the usage of bluish notes ( and on this point they besides differ – some say that they are merely flatted tierces, fifths, and sevenths applied to a major graduated table [ organizing a pentatonic graduated table ] ; some maintain that they are microtones ; and some believe that they are the 3rd, or fifth, or 7th tones sounded at the same time with the flatted 3rd, or fifth, or 7th tones severally [ minor 2nd intervals ] ) . Others feel that the vocal signifier ( 12 bars, one-four-five ) is the specifying characteristic of the blues. Some feel that the blues is a manner to near music, a doctrine, in a mode of speech production. And still others hold a much wider sociological position that the blues are an full musical tradition rooted in the black experience of the post-war South. Whatever one may believe of the societal deductions of the blues, whether showing the American or black experience in microcosm, it was their â€Å"strong autobiograph ical nature, their intense personal passion, pandemonium and solitariness, executed so vibrantly that it captured the imaginativeness of modern musicians† and the general populace every bit good. ( Shapiro 13 ) Kamien, Michael. _Music: An Appreciation_ . 3d Ed. N.Y. : McGraw Hill, 1984. ; Kennedy, Michael. _The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music_ . N.Y. : 1980. ; Lomax, Alan. _The Land Where the Blues Began_ . N.Y. : Pantheon Books, 1993. ; Pareles, Jon and Patricia Romanowski, eds. _The Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock and Roll_.N.Y. : Rolling Stone Press, 1983. ; Priestly, Brian. _Jazz On Record: A History_ . N.Y. : Billboard Books, 1991. ; Salzman, Eric and Michael Sahl. _Making Changes_ . N.Y. : G. Schirmer, 1977. ; Shapiro, Harry. _Eric Clapton: Lost in the Blues_ . N.Y. : Da Capo Press, 1992. ; Tanner, Paul and Maurice Gerow. _A Study of Jazz_ . Dubuque, IA: William C. Brown Publishers, 1984. Bibliography Press, 1983. ; Priestly, Brian. _Jazz On Record: A History_ . N.Y. : Billboard Books, 1991. ; Salzman, Eric and Michael Sahl. _Making Changes_ . N.Y. : G. Schirmer, 1977. ; Shapiro, Harry. _Eric Clapton: Lost in the Blues_ . N.Y. : Da Capo Press, 1992. ; Tanner, Paul and Maurice Gerow. _A Study of Jazz_ . Dubuque, IA: William C. Brown Publishers, 1984.